Co-Occurring Disorder

Dual-Diagnosis

Dual-Diagnosis, also referred to as co-occurring disorder, co-morbidity, concurrent disorders, and dual disorders, is a term used to describe a condition in which an individual suffers from both a chemical dependency and one or more psychiatric illnesses at the same time. The term “dual-diagnosis” is widely accepted as the most appropriate terminology for these maladies.

Psychiatric Illnesses Accompanying Substance Abuse

Studies indicate that over 50% of individuals who abuse drugs also suffer from a mental illness, while almost one-third of individuals with a mental illness also struggle with a substance abuse problem. Some of the most common psychiatric conditions that often accompany drug or alcohol addiction include Bipolar Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, Depression, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Panic Disorder, Anxiety Disorder, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Eating Disorders, and Schizophrenia.

Alcohol and Mental Illness

According to The National Co-morbidity Study, alcoholic men are three times more likely to suffer from depression than the general population, and alcoholic women suffer from depression at a rate four times higher. In addition, research shows that 60% of those diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder, 30-50% of those diagnosed with ADHD, and 25% of those diagnosed with anxiety or depression also struggle with addiction.

Self-Medicating

It can be challenging to determine the exact cause of a substance abuse problem or a mental illness in a dually diagnosed individual. In some cases, an existing mental illness may lead to substance abuse as an individual tries to self-medicate the symptoms of their mental illness with drugs, either illicit or prescription. While this may provide temporary relief, it ultimately worsens the individual’s mental condition over time. In other cases, a drug or alcohol addiction may result in a mental illness, as drug-induced psychosis or alcohol-related depression can significantly alter an individual’s mental state.

Research suggests that women tend to develop a mood disorder prior to developing an addiction, while men tend to struggle with addiction first, which then results in a subsequent mental illness. Regardless of the circumstances surrounding the onset of an addiction or mental illness, these conditions will eventually become intertwined, and all occurring addictions and mental health disorders must be treated simultaneously for a successful recovery.

Environmental and Genetic Factors

While the exact causes of addiction and mental illness are largely unknown, various environmental and genetic factors are believed to contribute to the development of a dual diagnosis. Gender also plays a role, with men experiencing higher overall rates of substance abuse for most drugs and being more likely to suffer from Antisocial Personality Disorder, while women are more prone to mood and anxiety disorders.

Recent studies suggest that gender-specific treatment is the most effective option for individuals with a dual diagnosis, as it provides a safe environment for them to discuss the circumstances surrounding their addictions and mental health with others who understand their experiences.

Environmental & Genetic Factors

While the exact causes of addiction and mental illness are largely unknown, various environmental and genetic factors are believed to contribute to the development of a dual diagnosis. Gender also plays a role, with men experiencing higher overall rates of substance abuse for most drugs and being more likely to suffer from Antisocial Personality Disorder, while women are more prone to mood and anxiety disorders.

Recent studies suggest that gender-specific treatment is the most effective option for individuals with a dual diagnosis, as it provides a safe environment for them to discuss the circumstances surrounding their addictions and mental health with others who understand their experiences.

Challenges and Risks in Recovery

Individuals with a dual diagnosis face significant challenges on the road to recovery, including family and social problems, unemployment, high-risk behaviors, legal issues, incarceration (over 20% of the U.S. prison population is considered dually diagnosed), and chronic relapse as a result of their condition. They are also at a higher risk for suicide than other addicts or alcoholics.

The Importance of Dual Diagnosis Treatment

Due to the high rate of co-occurrence of substance abuse and mental illness, it is crucial that individuals with a dual diagnosis receive proper treatment that addresses both conditions simultaneously. Traditional addiction treatment programs, such as 12-step programs, may not fully address the underlying mental health issues that contribute to a person’s substance abuse.

On the other hand, mental health treatment programs may not address the individual’s substance abuse, leaving them vulnerable to relapse and potentially worsening their mental health. Dual diagnosis treatment programs offer a comprehensive approach to recovery that addresses both the addiction and the mental illness.

Components of Dual Diagnosis Treatment

Dual diagnosis treatment typically consists of a range of therapies, including individual and group counseling, medication management, and holistic therapies.

Individual and Group Counseling: The primary focus of counseling in dual diagnosis treatment is to address the underlying mental health issues that contribute to the individual’s substance abuse. This may involve a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), and other evidence-based therapies. Group counseling can provide additional support and encouragement, as well as opportunities for individuals to connect with others facing similar challenges.

Medication Management: Many individuals with a dual diagnosis require medication to manage their mental illness. Antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and other medications may be prescribed to help alleviate symptoms and promote stability. A mental health professional will work with the individual to develop a medication plan that is tailored to their specific needs.

Holistic Therapies: Holistic therapies, such as yoga, meditation, and acupuncture, can help individuals with a dual diagnosis find balance and relaxation. These therapies can also help reduce stress and improve overall well-being.

The Benefits of Dual Diagnosis Treatment

The benefits of dual diagnosis treatment are numerous. By addressing both the substance abuse and the mental illness simultaneously, individuals with a dual diagnosis can experience lasting recovery and improved quality of life.

Reduced Relapse Rates: By addressing the underlying mental health issues that contribute to substance abuse, individuals are less likely to relapse. With a comprehensive approach to recovery, they can learn the skills and strategies necessary to manage their mental health and avoid triggers that may lead to substance abuse.

Improved Mental Health: Dual diagnosis treatment can help individuals with a dual diagnosis improve their mental health and manage symptoms more effectively. With a combination of counseling, medication management, and holistic therapies, they can develop coping strategies and find new ways to manage stress and improve their overall well-being.

Improved Relationships: Substance abuse can have a devastating impact on relationships, but dual diagnosis treatment can help individuals repair and rebuild these connections. By addressing the mental health issues that contribute to substance abuse, individuals can improve their communication skills, increase their emotional intelligence, and strengthen their relationships with family, friends, and coworkers.

Conclusion

Dual diagnosis is a common condition in which an individual suffers from both a substance abuse problem and a mental illness. The high rate of co-occurrence of these conditions makes it crucial that individuals receive proper treatment that addresses both issues simultaneously. With a comprehensive approach to recovery that includes individual and group counseling, medication management, and holistic therapies, individuals with a dual diagnosis can experience lasting recovery and improved quality of life.